The shoot apical meristem may exist at the tips of plants, as in many dicots, or may start slightly below the soil and generate leaves which grow upward, like most monocots. In the shoot apical meristem, cells are only created in one direction. In the root apical meristem, the cells are produced in two directions. An undifferentiated apical meristem cell will divide again and again, slowly becoming a specialized cell. From these cells will come all of the various cell structure the plant uses. The actual apical meristem is a cluster of densely packed and undifferentiated cells. The apical meristem is located just below the root cap in the roots, as seen in the image below. The apical meristem must produce enough cells to not only extend into the soil, but also to replace the cells lost to abrasion. The apical meristem, protected by the root cap continues to produce cells even as the root cap is scraped away as it pushes through the dirt. It is for this reason that roots often invade pipes for water and drainage, which carry many of the nutrients they need. Sensing the conditions of the soil around the root, signals are created within the apical meristem which direct the plant towards water and desired nutrients. The root apical meristem is found at the tips of roots. This apical meristem is responsible for creating cells and growth to drive the plant into the light and air, where it can photosynthesize and exchange built up gases. The shoot apical meristem is found in the tips of plants. There are two apical meristem locations in most plants. Some cells divide into more meristematic cells, while other cells divide and differentiate into structural or vascular cells. The apical meristem, found just below the surface of the branches and roots furthest from the center of the plant, is continually dividing. Horticulturalists use this phenomenon to increase the bushiness and yield of certain agricultural crops and ornamental plants. If the apical meristem is cut off, the branches below will start to assume the role of primary apical meristem, which will lead to a bushier plant. In plants like this, there is a single main trunk which reaches to great heights. Some plants show apical dominance, in which only one main shoot apical meristem is the most prominent. Plants must expand in both of these directions in order to be successful. Intercalary meristem is found between branches, while lateral meristem grow in girth, such as in woody plants.Īpical meristem is crucial in extending both access to nutrients and water via the roots and access to light energy via the leaves. Apical is a description of growth occurring at the tips of the plant, both top and bottom. Meristem is the tissue in which growth occurs in plants. Apical meristem is one of three types of meristem, or tissue which can differentiate into different cell types. The apical meristem is the growth region in plants found within the root tips and the tips of the new shoots and leaves.
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